As we transition into the colder months, it’s important to refresh our understanding of cold-weather-related illnesses, how to recognize their symptoms, and the appropriate steps for treatment. Cold weather can pose significant hazards for outdoor workers or those exposed to unheated environments, making preparation and awareness vital. Understanding how to prevent and manage these conditions is key to ensuring worker safety and maintaining productivity in challenging environments.
Drop Test Results Highlight Essential Fall Protection Strategies for Steel Decking Safety10/21/2024
A drop test was recently conducted by Derr & Gruenewald Construction at their facility in Henderson, Colorado, to replicate ironworkers in the process of throwing out steel decking. The objective of this test was to assess the structural integrity of steel deck sheets under impact conditions and to analyze various fall protection scenarios, particularly what might happen if an ironworker were to fall over the edge of a loose deck sheet. First Drop Test
In the initial test, a 315-pound test weight was suspended 5 feet above the working surface of the deck sheet. The test weight was connected to a 50-foot leading edge self-retracting lifeline (SRL), which was anchored to a horizontal lifeline (HLL) elevated 6 feet above the deck. The SRL was extended 25 feet from its anchor point to the test weight positioned at the edge of an unsecured deck sheet. Building a Stronger Future: Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Strategies for Steel Contractors8/19/2024
According to the Construction Industry Alliance for Suicide Prevention (CIASP), workers in the steel construction sector are at a higher risk for mental health concerns and suicide compared to other construction trades. Of the 11 construction occupations cited by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, structural iron and steel workers are #1 and reinforcing iron and rebar workers are #2 for highest rates of suicide.
The high-stress environments, physically demanding tasks, and stringent deadlines, coupled with the sometimes-isolated nature of the work, can contribute to mental health struggles among the steel industry. Additionally, the culture within the industry can sometimes stigmatize mental health issues, making it challenging for workers to seek help. Construction Suicide Prevention Week is September 9-13. The initiative aims to raise awareness, educate, and promote mental health and suicide prevention across the construction industry. Participating in events and activities during this week can help reinforce the importance of mental health and provide workers with valuable resources and support. Image credit: Occupational Safety and Health Administration The clang of steel meeting steel, the hum of heavy machinery, the pop of a powder actuated tool, the scream from a saw, and the roar of construction activity. These are the sounds of the steel erection industry. However, there is a hidden danger: the threat of occupational noise exposure. Recognizing this risk, OSHA has established rigorous standards to ensure the hearing safety of workers. Additionally, modern technology that detects sound decibels, such as sound apps for a smartphone, has become a valuable tool in monitoring and managing noise exposure.
Image source: National Weather Service In steel construction, exposure to high temperatures is common. As we head into the summer months, it’s critical to address the heat stress and the signs of heat related illnesses to ensure the safety and well-being of workers. Recognizing the significance of this issue, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP) introduced the ANSI/ASSP A10.50-2024 standard. Released on February 26, 2024, this standard provides tips and guidelines for effectively managing heat stress. By understanding and implementing these guidelines, employers and workers in steel construction can mitigate the risks associated with heat-related illnesses and create safer working environments.
ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019) When you think of a hard hat, what do you picture? Do you picture the shell with a peak, a head band and harness? We have come to know these as the traditional style, or Type 1 hard hat. Type 1 hard hats work well, but what do we see happen when someone falls? We tend to see hard hats come off employees’ heads, especially when there is no chin strap.
Based on ANSI standards, Type 1 hard hats are designed to reduce forces as a result of an impact only to the top of the head. Performance requirements are as follows:
Safe rigging practices are essential for the safety of everyone working near crane activities on a job site. Improper rigging techniques can lead to serious accidents, injuries, and damage to property. There is a wide variety of different rigging methods that can be applied in various lifting scenarios and it’s crucial to have the correct knowledge in selecting the correct method in each case. Rigging for steel erection presents unique challenges. Read on for best practice reminders on inspection, selection, and communication. Inspection and training
First and foremost, employees need to ensure that all rigging equipment is inspected and maintained regularly. This includes wire rope, chains, nylon, polyester, hooks, and other hardware used for lifting and moving loads. Any equipment showing signs of wear such as, cuts, abrasions, severe wear, broken wires, cracked fittings, chemical burns, UV damage and distortion should be immediately taken out of service and replaced. Regular inspections and maintenance help to prevent equipment failure and ensure that all rigging gear is in good working condition. Proper training for riggers is another critical aspect of safe rigging practices. Workers involved in rigging operations need to receive comprehensive training on the safe use of rigging equipment, as well as the identification of potential hazards and proper procedures for lifting and moving loads. Additionally, workers should be trained to understand load capacities, weight estimation, center of gravity, and the importance of balancing and securing loads to prevent accidents. Employers should also keep their employees training fresh as new standards, practices, rigging hardware is always changing. ![]() When it comes to roof integrity, one component that plays a crucial role is the K-series bar joist. These structural members provide essential support and stability to the roof system, ensuring its durability and performance. In this blog post, we will explore the importance of K-series bar joists and their contributions to maintaining roof integrity. K-series bar joists are lightweight, open-web steel trusses that are commonly used in commercial and industrial construction. They consist of top and bottom chords connected by diagonal web members, forming a triangular truss pattern. These joists are designed to span long distances, providing structural support for roof decks and accommodating various load requirements. One of the primary functions of K-series bar joists is to bear the weight of the roof system and any additional loads applied to it. The load-carrying capacity of these joists is determined by their design, size, and spacing. By distributing the weight evenly across the joist system, K-series bar joists prevent excessive deflection and ensure that the load is transferred to the supporting columns and walls. This contributes significantly to the overall stability and integrity of the roof structure. Integration with Roof Decking and Roofing Systems The K-series bar joists seamlessly integrate with roof decking and roofing systems, and the open-web design allows for the easy installation of roof deck materials, such as metal panels or concrete slabs, between the joists. This integration enhances the overall performance of the roof, providing a secure and stable platform for the roofing materials. The compatibility of K-series bar joists with different roofing systems ensures a harmonious and efficient construction process. ![]() Fire safety is a critical consideration in roof design, and K-series bar joists offer inherent fire-resistant properties. The open-web design allows heat to dissipate more effectively, minimizing the risk of structural failure during a fire event. Additionally, the use of fire-resistant coatings or insulation materials can further enhance the fire resistance of K-series bar joists, ensuring the safety of the building occupants and preserving the roof's integrity. The lightweight design reduces material costs and allows for faster and more efficient installation. The long-span capabilities of these joists reduce the need for additional support columns, maximizing the usable space beneath the roof. Moreover, the prefabricated nature of K-series bar joists enables streamlined construction processes, saving time and labor costs. These are essential components in maintaining roof integrity and ensuring the longevity of commercial and industrial buildings. With their load-carrying capacity, design flexibility, integration with roof decking and roofing systems, fire safety features, and cost-effective construction advantages, these joists provide the structural support necessary for a robust and reliable roof system. By understanding the importance of K-series bar joists and collaborating with knowledgeable professionals, architects, engineers, and contractors can create roofs that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also structurally sound and built to last. Read the original article from Oates Metal Deck and Building. This Safety Flash was contributed by Oates Metal Deck and Building Products, in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety & Education Committee. It’s designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations.
Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected]. ![]() Whether you're a steel erector or a metal decking company, a butterfly roof anchor is a common choice for decking activities and accessing work areas, but there can be a catch. It’s critical to choose the right roof anchor because some are specifically designed for residential wood structures installed on the peak of the roof and NOT for steel erection or metal decking. After ANSI Z359.18-2017 was approved in August 2017, manufacturers’ product development teams started looking at the new rigorous anchor requirements. Even though the butterfly is an OSHA rated anchor, it is still a single user anchor, which is now deemed necessary for fastening through decking and purlin to ensure proper strength. Manufacturers updated their user manuals to reflect the changes but there was no memo to reflect the change from some manufacturers. Steel erectors and decking companies still had the old user manual stating screws did not have to penetrate a structural member underneath deck sheet. Before you get stuck with the wrong anchor, let's dive into the details. Know the Regulations OSHA's Subpart 1926.758(g) states that purlins and girts can't be used as anchorage points for fall arrest systems without written approval from a qualified person. So, before putting any system into use, make sure to submit a letter of override to ensure you're complying with safety standards and not compromising the structural integrity of the steel purlins. ![]() Review Product Materials and Manuals The hinged roof anchors from major fall protection equipment manufacturers like Fall Tech, Safewaze, and 3M are often referred to as butterfly roof anchors and can be used on metal deck sheets in pre-engineered buildings with z-purlins. Falltech's Engineering Manager, Zack Winters, emphasizes that their model #7410 anchor can withstand a 5000 lb. load when fastened properly to a minimum 20-gauge steel deck. Just make sure to use the recommended fasteners and follow the installation instructions. Safewaze and 3M user manuals state a minimum 22-gauge metal roofing/decking over minimum 16-gauge Z-purlin. Fall Tech is the same with the exception of minimum 14-gauge Z-purlin instead of 16-gauge. ![]() But what about different types of deck sheets? For floor deck sheets, which are usually 18-gauge, you’ll need to fill in the screw holes to prevent concrete leakage. And when it comes to commercial or industrial roof deck sheets, typically 22-gauge, the butterfly roof anchors won’t work on top of them alone. However, research shows that all three manufacturers allow screwing the butterfly anchor into a structural member underneath the deck sheet, such as a purlin. Other Considerations Installation manuals don’t provide information on anchoring butterflies to metal decking over steel bar joists or I-beams. You’ll need to assess the structure’s components, sheet gauge, purlin size, and availability to find the best anchor solution. And remember, an anchor system installed using columns or overhead can eliminate holes in deck sheets and purlins, providing greater fall distance clearances and less paperwork hassle with OSHA. So, next time you're choosing a roof anchor, keep these insights in mind. Safety first! References: DBI Sala, User Instruction Manual Hinged Roof Anchor Model Number: 2103676 Fall Tech, Metal Frame Structure Anchor 7410M User Instruction Manual Supplement Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1970). Occupational safety and health standards: Occupational health and environmental control (Standard No. 1926 Subpart R) Safewaze, FS870 / FS870N / FS870S Reusable Roof Anchor Winters, Frost, July 31, 2019, #7410 Anchorage Connector in Metal Deck Applications, Fall Tech This Safety Flash was contributed by, Jeremy McAllister, Safety Director for Gardner-Watson, in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety & Education Committee. It’s designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations.
Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected]. ![]() Torque wrenches deliver the power and accuracy required to tighten nuts and bolts while preventing structural damage. These tools ensure that connections are tightened according to engineering specifications and prevent loosening while a structure or piece of equipment is in use. Torque wrenches also prevent over-tightening, which can damage threads, shorten the lifespan of a connection or cause sudden structural failure. When choosing industrial torque wrenches and multipliers, you’ll need to consider project specifications, maneuverability and available or preferred power source. It’s important to remember that your initial purchase or rental is not only about procuring the product — it’s about the subsequent service. Every torque tool requires yearly calibration, so make sure the supplier you’re considering can provide annual calibration services, certificates and necessary repairs. Read on for what to consider when selecting a torque wrench for your application and some important safety reminders. Types of Industrial Torque Wrenches High-capacity torque wrenches can either be hydraulic, manual, electric, battery-powered, or pneumatic. Torque wrenches can be categorized further depending on their design and intended application. Manual (Click-Type) Torque Wrench These hand-operated tools can be set to deliver a specific amount of torque and will “click” once the desired torque has been reached. Click-type torque wrenches are best for jobs in tight spaces or with low visibility, since the wrench will give an audible cue once it achieves the preset torque. These tools have long lifespans, few parts or accessories and are fairly simple to use. Torque Multiplier For bolts that require a high amount of torque (or have been over-tightened), torque multipliers can deliver additional torque without requiring extra force on the part of the operator. Torque multipliers are essential for maintaining worker safety while tightening or loosening bolts by hand. Multipliers can also increase torque at small intervals at a very slow pace, reducing the risk of over-torquing or worker injury. Electric Torque Wrench With the ability to deliver more precise accuracy than an analogue tool, corded or battery-powered electric torque wrenches can be preset to a desired torque within ±3% to ±5% repeatable accuracy. If you choose to go untethered with a battery-powered torque wrench, have extra batteries or a charger on hand. If corded electric torque wrenches are your preference, be sure there is adequate clean power that allows you to safely reach your work area. This includes the proper generators (no welding generators or boom lifts) and/or properly installed spider boxes that output the correct power for the tools. If extension cords are necessary, anything longer than 150 ft. is not recommended. Hydraulic Torque Wrench When it comes to larger jobs, hydraulic torque wrenches are able to deliver over 25,000 ft.-lbs. of torque. They come in square-drive or low-profile designs called cassettes, which consist of the cassette and drive unit. Hydraulic wrenches themselves are quite light, but are accompanied by heavy systems that can carry a high price tag. Hydraulic systems include pumps and a stiff hose that can be difficult to move. Hydraulic torque wrenches also carry safety concerns related to pinch hazards and hydraulic fluid leaks, and should only be used by trained operators. Pneumatic Torque Wrench Like hydraulic tools, pneumatic torque wrenches can deliver much higher torque than a manual or electric wrench, but require additional equipment like an air hose and compressor. Torque Wrench Considerations The type and model of torque wrench you choose depends on your specific use case. Some considerations are fairly straightforward — torque range, size, power source — while some are often overlooked during the buying or rental process. Here is a list of questions to consider while making your torque tool selection:
Torque Wrench Safety Tips Be sure that all operators are briefed on safe handling and precautions before using any high-capacity torque tools. Here are some general safety guidelines to keep in mind:
Read the full article from GWY here. This Safety Flash was contributed by Don Laro, Sales and Marketing Manager for GWY, in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety & Education Committee. It’s designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected]. The 10th Annual National Safety Stand-Down to Prevent Falls in Construction will take place May 1-5, 2023. This initiative from OSHA helps to raise awareness on fall hazards in an effort to reduce fall fatalities and injuries. In 2021, there were 17 fatalities in the structural steel and precast concrete contractors’ sector and 11 of them were due to a fall, slip or trip, according to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
“In the first three quarters of FY 2022, OSHA conducted over 9,700 inspections in the construction industry, of which 47% identified fall hazards with over $34 million in penalties issued for serious and willful violations in fall protection,” said Patrick Kapust, deputy director of OSHA’s Directorate of Enforcement Programs said in an interview about OSHA’s 2022 Top 10 Citations list. The list shows that OSHA cited 5,260 violations for Fall Protection-General Requirements in 2022, making it the number one most frequently cited workplace safety standard for the 12th year in a row. Fall Protection- Training Requirements also made the list as number eight. Four of the top ten citations are related to working as height which is why OSHA encourages employers to participate in the initiative by hold Safety Stand Down meetings the first week of May. Companies can conduct a Safety Stand-Down by taking a break to have a toolbox talk or another safety activity like conducting safety equipment inspections, developing rescue plans, or discussing job specific hazards. It can also be an opportunity for employees to talk to management about falls and other job hazards they see. In support of the National Safety Stand-Down, SEAA has created a Safety Stand Down page with lots of resources. Our downloadable posters are available for free to the public. The new poster for the 2023 Safety Stand Down, How to Make JSA’s Intentional, provides suggestions on how to complete a job safety analysis and getting the whole team involved in order to keep safety at the forefront of the job. Additional resources provide insight into related topics, such as fall prevention for loading and unloading trailers, wind hazards on elevated work platforms, protecting retractable lifelines from arcing damage, and more. Visit the Safety Stand Down Resources page for best practices. Resources: Census of Fatal Occupation Injuries Summary, 2021 OSHA’s Top 10 Citations of 2022 Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities, 2021. NAISC code 23812 This Safety Flash was contributed in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected]. ANSI Z359.14-2021: What You Should Know to Comply with the Updated Self-Retracting Devices Standard2/13/2023
What are the high-level changes that ANSI Z359.14-2021 addresses? On June 17, 2021, ANSI approved the new 2021 revision of Z359.14, Safety Requirements for Self-Retracting Devices (SRDs) for Personal Fall Arrest and Rescue Systems. This revision supersedes the 2014 version and goes into effect on August 1, 2023, which is an important date for ANSI compliance while using self-retracting devices. In the previous 2014 revision of Z359.14, SRDs were organized by type (SRL, SRL-R for devices with rescue/retrieval functions, or SRL-LE for leading edge capability) and class (Class A or Class B). The intent was to organize SRDs by features in "Type" and then by their overhead performance capability by "Class." At a high level, the 2021 changes to the ANSI Z359.14 standard are designed to:
What will be the new ANSI Z359.14-2021 SRD types and classes? Both types and classes were overhauled in 2021: "types" are SRL, SRL-P for personal devices meant to be installed on the user's full body harness, or SRL-R for devices with rescue/retrieval functions, and "classes" are Class 1 or Class 2. The SRD class is now applied to acceptable anchorage locations. Class 1 devices are suitable for at or above dorsal D-ring anchorage locations. Class 2 devices are suitable for above, at, or up to 5 feet below the dorsal D-ring anchorage locations AND must be leading edge rated. So, if your jobsite has edge exposures and you need a leading edge SRL or SRL-LE, you will be looking for a Class 2 device in compliance with ANSI/ASSP Z359.14-2021. With the type and class changes, Z359.14-2021 also introduced standard overhead performance criteria for all SRDs and standardized class labeling. Now, a worker will be able to quickly identify the suitable device for the hazards faced in their work zone. In the 2012 and 2014 revisions of Z359.14, overhead performance criteria were defined by SRD class: Class A or Class B. In 2021, overhead performance will be standardized across all SRDs. The performance requirements are summarized in the table below: What is the new ANSI Z359.14-2021 standardized labeling requirements? All ANSI/ASSP Z359.14-2021 compliant SRDs will have one of the markings below consistent with its class: In addition to the Class 1 and Class 2 standard labels, all Class 2 SRLs must include a full fall clearance table or diagram as part of the physical product and the user instruction manual. This provides critical clearance information directly on the product, where it is most easily accessible by the end user or Competent Person at the place and time of use. How will the testing of SRDs change with the new ANSI Z359.14-2021 requirements? The 2021 version of Z359.14 significantly expands the volume and severity of testing required to comply with the standard. Most of these changes are intended to improve safety factors and address specific known hazards or applications of SRDs. While testing the products mainly affects manufacturers and test labs, it's essential to understand how these changes may impact how these devices are deployed and used in the field by end users. Some of the significant changes include:
What is the compliance timeline for existing SRDs in use? ANSI/ASSP Z359.14-2021 goes into effect on August 1, 2023. For organizations or job sites that mandate ANSI compliance, all SRDs must be manufactured and marked as compliant with Z359.14-2021. Any SRDs marked as compliant with Z359.14-2014 or any previous revision will be considered out of compliance after August 1, 2023. FallTech recommends reaching out to your manufacturer to inquire how this standard change affects the SRDs that you are using now and plan your transition to 2021 compliant devices. I currently use a non-Leading Edge rated personal device in a below D-ring application. Will this still be allowed after August 1, 2023? This question has a two-part answer that depends on the ANSI compliance requirements of your organization or worksite. If strict ANSI compliance is required, then after August 1, 2023, only a Class 2 SRL-P will be appropriate for this application. If only OSHA compliance is mandated, then the existing device may continue to be used as approved by your Competent Person, Qualified Person, and/or Professional Engineer. You should use a five-foot set-back distance versus an anchorage at the leading edge because it equips your fall protection system to arrest the fall more quickly. If your anchorage is at the edge, the SRL will create additional freefall distance as it retracts. The pawl mechanism also needs the lifeline to pay out fast enough to engage. With a zero-foot set-back distance and below D-ring foot-level tie-off, it won’t activate until the worker has fallen below the device hanging beneath the leading edge, further delaying the arrest. With a five-foot set-back distance, this payout begins as soon as the user’s D-ring passes below the level of the anchorage. You can eliminate the extra freefall length, lower the MRFC, and create a safer working environment. Read the full article on FallTech's Safety Blog. This Safety Flash was contributed by FallTech, in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations.
Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected]. ![]() Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) are indispensable tools when it comes to allowing workers to work safely at height. However, there are specific hazards associated with their operation that operators must be aware of. These hazards have been identified by the manufacturers, can be found in the operator's manual for each model, and are to be observed in conjunction with all other workplace safety rules and regulations. One of the hazards that operators must always be on the alert for is windy conditions. Per ANSI1, outdoor-rated MEWPs must be designed to be stable in winds up to 28 mph if all other factors are taken into consideration, which I will discuss further in a moment. Any wind above 28 mph will place the machine, and the occupants, in serious jeopardy. One unfortunate example of that is described on the OSHA Scissor Lift Fact Sheet 2: “Caution: Wind Can Make Extended Scissor Lifts Unstable. During the Fall 2010 college football season, a student who was also an employee of the University of Notre Dame was killed while filming the school’s football team practice from a scissor lift. Reportedly, the untrained worker raised the lift over 39 feet to film the practice. The wind gusts that day were more than 50 miles per hour. The high winds blew the lift over, killing the worker.” Please note that this example from the OSHA Scissor Lift Fact Sheet stresses that the individual was untrained. One comment that I often hear from untrained operators is, “I thought it would be safe or it wouldn’t let me go up.” The fact is that MEWPs are only machines, and even with all the safety devices that are designed into them, they are only truly safe in the hands of well trained, well supervised operators. Best Practices In the latest round of ANSI A92 design standards3, there are provisions for both outdoor rated and indoor-only rated machines. Indoor-only machines can only be used in areas that are not exposed to any wind whatsoever. This even includes warehouses or other structures with open bay doors. All MEWPs that were manufactured to the previous standards are unaffected by that change. However, it is important to note that some manufacturers released indoor-only machines before the standards changed, so it’s important to be aware of the limitations on the MEWP being used. Indoor-only MEWPs must be clearly marked to that effect in a durable manner in an easily visible place. Many new scissor lifts provide an option to switch between indoor and outdoor modes. Operators should never use a machine in indoor mode while working outside, or in areas where the air is moving (such as around large shop fans). When using outdoor-rated MEWPs, in outdoor mode, the best rule of thumb is if you are not comfortable with the situation, don’t go up. If you are elevated and wind speeds do exceed 28 mph, immediately lower the MEWP and do not continue to operate the machine. There are tools that can be used to estimate wind speed, such as the Beaufort Wind Chart4, and if you are unsure, small handheld wind meters (anemometers) are available online for less than $30. There are other factors concerning wind that need to be taken into consideration as well. The combined weight of the occupants, materials, tools, and any options or accessories must never exceed the rated platform capacity of the MEWP. Care must be taken when handling building materials, sheet materials, panels and other such materials that can act as sails. No modifications or additions to the MEWP that affect its wind loading — and consequently its stability — should be made without the manufacturer’s approval. Certain manufacturer-approved options and accessories, such as panel cradles and material holders (when installed) can impose a reduced maximum wind speed rating. The shielding and funneling effects of certain structures can cause high wind speeds and turbulence on days when the wind speed in open areas is low, so caution should always be taken when working between buildings, in alleyways or other confined spaces. Other potential sources of local high wind speed that must be taken into considered in relation to safety at worksites are at airports and along roadways. 1ANSI A92.20-2021.4.2.2.4.1.1 2 Working Safely with Scissor Lifts 3 ANSI A92.20-2021.6.4.7 4 Beaufort Wind Chart — Estimating Wind Speeds This Safety Flash was contributed by Scott Owyen, Genie Director of Training in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected]. ![]() Did you know that hand and arm injuries are the most frequent and preventable injury in the workplace, accounting for more than 23 percent of injuries, according to an article by Safety + Health magazine? On that same note, an article from Occupational Health & Safety magazine reported that more than one million workers are sent to the emergency room each year due to serious hand, arm, and finger injuries. Training, communication, and planning are often all that’s needed to reduce risk of pinch points on the job. On a recent reinforcing steel project, the task was to adjust a pier cap filled with #11 bar. Shelby Erectors, a reinforcing steel and metal decking and member of SEAA, experienced a minor incident where an employee pinched his arm when the pier cap shifted. Here is what we discovered when we reviewed the incident. The pinch point risk was identified and addressed in the daily pre-task meeting, however, the injured employee showed up late and did not go through the original pre-task meeting. The foreman allowed the worker to get right to work rather than reviewing the pre-task information with him individually. Although the hurt employee was trying to do the right thing by jumping to work after being late, he was not fully aware of how the task was being approached to avoid risk. This resulted in the employee putting his arm in an area that was not fully protected. Training on identifying pinch points and proper planning to avoid the hazard are key to incident prevention. What are potential pinch points? These examples are just a few of the possible pinch points Shelby Erectors comes across in the course of typical work days.
Best Practices to avoid pinch points:
And finally:
Resources: Occupational Health & Safety: Understanding Hand Injuries in the Workplace Safety + Health: Hand Safety Programs OSHA Cranes & Derricks in Construction 1926.1430(e) Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act, Fact Sheet on Pinch Points Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employer-Reported Workplace Injuries and Illnesses Report 2020 This Safety Flash was contributed by Jason Zyla, Safety Manager, Shelby Erectors, in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected]. ![]() Falls in construction are the leading cause of deaths in the United States. OSHA states that employers are responsible for putting preventative measures in place to protect employees from falls at height, which includes having a fall protection plan. But what exactly does a fall protection plan entail? Let’s explore! The main purpose of the plan is to determine the fall hazards at the worksite and establish the methods and equipment each company will use to protect its workforce. Most jobsites and many state or local regulations even require contractors to have a plan on record. Not only is it important to have a plan, but employers also need to ensure its workforce understands the plan. Workers should also be trained on implementing the plan and what to do in case of a fall. Accidents happen, but with a good fall protection plan in place it can help reduce the chance of serious or fatal injuries.
Jobsite Info
It’s important to include jobsite information in your plan. This will consist of general information about the project; company name, the pre-identified competent person, jobsite address, and scope of work. Also make sure to include phone numbers for first responders in the event of an emergency. Make sure to identify the fall hazards on site. Do this prior to starting work and remember that no two jobs are the same. Evaluate all of the potential hazards on the project and ensure that you understand how the work is to be completed. Make note of where will employees be working, and the known fall hazards. Including, leading edge work, floor holes, connecting operations, ladders, and use of mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs), such as boom lifts or scissor lifts. Types of Equipment and Inspections There are many options for a fall protection system. Determine the equipment and methods prior to beginning work. When deciding the method of protection, you should use the hierarchy of controls. These controls (from most preferred to least) are as follows - Elimination, Passive Fall Protection, Fall Restraint, Fall Arrest, Administrative Controls.
Next, outline proper equipment assembly and installation requirements. Include inspection criteria as well as proper storage of equipment. Employees need to fully understand how the equipment works, the frequency of inspections that will be required, and what to do with equipment if they identify any damaged or defective equipment. Additionally, improper storage of equipment can cause premature damage or deterioration. Be sure to refer to manufacturer manuals and inspection criteria. Falling Objects The plan should also include best practices for protecting workers from falling objects. This can include controlled or limited access zones. If this route is taken, ensure the proper tape, signage and spotters are in position. Rescues In the event of a fall, time is critical and having a rescue plan is essential to minimize any potential injury. Ensure the workforce is aware of the plan and has been properly trained on the equipment and its location. In your fall protection plan, identifying a method of communication (via phone, radio, etc.) is key in the event of an emergency. Then, outline the rescue plan by type. Did the employee fall off of a ladder, MEWP, ascent or descent device, or scaffold? Make sure there is a rescue plan for each one. Founding father, inventor, and publisher Benjamin Franklin is credited with the saying: “If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail!” In safety, if you do not have a plan then you can almost guarantee you will fail. Every project is different and presents a unique set of challenges when setting up your Fall Protection Plan but following these steps should help make planning easier. Resources: OSHA Fall Protection Plan OSHA Fall Protection Page USACE Fall Protection Guide 3M Fall Protection Rescue Plan This Safety Flash was contributed by Dax Biederman, Senior Safety Consultant, Trivent Safety Consulting, in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected] At times we can get so focused on protecting ourselves on the jobsite that we forget about the risks the public could potentially be exposed to if they are near a jobsite. These risks include dropping a bolt onto a busy sidewalk from a high-rise structure in an urban environment, a 300-foot lattice boom lifting or lowering near public areas a block away, or torch cutting and welding on an existing office building full of people who don’t even know you are there. These are all real-life scenarios and challenges we face every day, but which can catch the public by surprise. Here are three ways to reduce risk to the public.
![]() Physical Barriers One way to keep the public safe is by preventing them from passing by or through a construction site. Setting up “hard barricade” boundaries is the best way to keep unauthorized people out of danger. Signs should be posted on these boundaries warning people not to enter the construction area. When arc welding, use shields made of noncombustible or flameproof material to protect everyone in the vicinity from direct rays of the arc. [29 CFR 1926.351(e)] ![]() Dropped Object Prevention When it comes to steel erection, usually a simple fence on the ground isn’t enough protection. Dropped objects accounted for over 240 deaths in 2019, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The goal is to prevent falling objects in the first place. The use of tool lanyards and catch nets are the best ways we can protect the public from dropped objects. When guard rails are used, they must have sufficient toe boards at least 3½ inches in height from top edge to floor level, and no more than a ¼ inch gap at the bottom. It must be capable of withstanding a force of 50 pounds applied in any direction. It’s always best practice to add mesh fencing from the top guard rail to the toe board for extra dropped object protection. Preventing Exposure to Equipment Another issue that affects public safety is exposure to equipment. This includes the operation of cranes, forklifts, aerial lifts, or other vehicles that could get caught between and struck by hazards. First, properly maintained equipment is far less likely to experience a failure. Thorough inspections by an authorized person is critical to the maintenance process. Any safety issues must be reported immediately and the equipment should be taken out of service until it is fixed by a qualified person. Next, use spotters! Spotters should always be used when the operator’s line of sight is interrupted. How many spotters should you use when operating equipment in a high-risk area? As many as it takes! Spotters tend to put themselves in a caught between/ struck by hazard situation. The spotter should always place him/herself in a position that has a clear line of sight with the operator and direction of travel while using good body positioning.
What It All Comes Down To The most effective way to keep the public safe starts with in depth planning, detailed pre-construction meetings, and keeping our employees’ training up to date. Employees need to have a clear understanding of the hierarchy and be made aware of the procedures, materials, tools, and equipment available to them to support their efforts in creating a safer job site for the public and other workers. Great safety cultures have foundations built from both directions, top down and bottom up all connecting in a common goal. Resources: Guidelines for Establishing the Components of a Site-specific Erection Plan Protection of Pedestrians (ICC) Section 3306 Dropped Object Prevention This Safety Flash was contributed by Austin Reiner, Safety Manager, Derr & Gruenewald Construction Company, in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations.
Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected]. ![]() The Roman philosopher Seneca once said, “Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.” When companies approach compliance preparedness with this thought process, they are overwhelmingly successful in their interactions with OSHA. Here are three tips to not only survive but thrive when OSHA visits your site.
Get more details about implementing these three tips and additional details. 1. Define who is your competent person onsite for hazardous activities. When an OSHA compliance safety and health officer arrives onsite for a scheduled visit, employee complaint or accident, they will want to know who the company’s competent person for those hazardous activities is. An OSHA "competent person" is defined as "one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them" [29 CFR 1926.32(f)]. The two key words to this definition are “capable” and “authorization.” Companies will be able to demonstrate capability by the training the employee has had and work history. Authorization is demonstrated by companies defining who these competent persons are during the preconstruction process. 2. Provide formal and ongoing training for employees on hazardous activities. OSHA will request employee training records for hazardous activities during an investigation. Companies will be well served to provide formal training for all employees prior to putting them to work. For Steel Erectors, the must have training prior to starting work will probably involve:
3. Train employees on what to expect from OSHA visits and their rights under the law. When employees know what to expect they will be less apt to make compounding mistakes when dealing with OSHA. The rights of workers during an inspection are:
A full list of workers’ rights published by OSHA can be found here. While this list doesn’t encompass everything a company needs to do to prepare for an OSHA visit, by being proactive on the front end of projects, companies will save time, money, and their reputation if OSHA ever does visit. Resources: OSHA Worker Rights and Protections Worker Rights Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 OSHA Workers Rights Pamphlet 1960.26 - Conduct of inspections This Safety Flash was contributed by Bryan McClure, Senior Safety Consultant, Trivent Safety Consulting, in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected] Forklifts (telehandlers or industrial trucks) are vital workhorses in the construction industry. Routine inspections and maintenance are required to ensure that forklifts are reliable and safe to operate. In the steel erection industry, forklifts are constantly moving heavy loads, which leads to wear and tear. It’s important that operators not become complacent when conducting routine inspections, which can lead to discovery of critical warning signs. Completing regular maintenance and correcting damage or deficiencies is essential to safety and prevention of operational hazards.
![]() In the past when new employees were hired, they often went straight to the job site and it was weeks before they received safety orientation. But establishing an onboarding procedure that introduces new hires to your company’s safety culture is a critical first step in reducing risk. According to a 2016 article by Safety + Health magazine and research from Toronto-based Institute for Work & Health, “Employees in their first month on the job have more than three times the risk for a lost-time injury than workers who have been at their job for more than a year.” ![]() No matter how low or high you are off the ground, a tumble from a ladder can have serious consequences. The National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) reports that more than 500,000 people in the United States are treated for ladder injuries every year. What’s more, about 300 fatalities occur each year from ladder-related injuries. Ladder safety is something that should be taken seriously. OSHA Standard 1910.23(b)(9) states that the employer must ensure that ladders are inspected before initial use each work shift, and more frequently as necessary, to identify any visible defects that could cause employee injury. Not to be taken for granted, if ladders are used regularly by employees, it’s a good idea to include ladder safety in daily safety meetings. And even if your workers only use them occasionally, then at least an annual safety meeting on ladder safety is a must. Best Practices
True or False: An employer is not required to have a training program for each employee using ladders? FALSE – Per OSHA 1926.1060(a), the employer shall provide a training program for each employee using ladders and stairways, as necessary. The program shall enable each employee to recognize hazards related to ladders and stairways, and shall train each employee in the procedures to be followed to minimize these hazards. Ladder safety training is often overlooked. Why? It’s simple. Anyone can climb a ladder. Right? Remember when you climb a ladder you are placing yourself at height. Height is a hazard and a hazard should be controlled or eliminated. References: OSHA Standard 1910.23(b)(9) American Ladder Institute National Ladder Safety Month Ladders: From Research to Smart, Safe Practices This Safety Flash was contributed by Kevin Muldoon, Project Manager at Mazzella/FHS Engineered Lifelines & Fall Protection, in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected] ![]() Millions of U.S. construction workers are exposed to extreme heat in their workplace, especially when working outdoors. Of those millions, thousands of workers get sick from heat exposure each year, and some cases are fatal. The General Duty Clause (Section 5[a][1] of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970), requires employers to provide a place of employment that is “free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees.” Heat-related illness can take on five forms. 1) Heat rash is caused by clogged skin pores that hold in sweat. This prevents the body from cooling down and causing skin rash. 2) Next are heat cramps, which are painful muscle spasms caused by dehydration. 3) The third form is heat syncope, a condition causing an employee to become light-headed and sometimes faint. It is caused by dehydration resulting in decreased blood flow to the brain. 4) Even more severe is heat exhaustion, which sets in when the body loses too much water creating an electrolyte imbalance. Signs include weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, heavy sweating, and clammy skin. 5) Finally, heatstroke is an extremely serious condition and can lead to brain damage or even death if not treated promptly and properly. Signs of a heatstroke include a rapid pulse, hot, dry skin, mental confusion, and temporary vision/hearing impairments. The first line of defense in all forms of heat related illness is to immediately get the employee out of the heat so they can cool down and hydrate. All employees should learn how to recognize a victim of heat-related illness. Evaluate the symptoms, then follow the recommended first aid actions.
Hazardous heat exposure can be prevented by employers. Supervisors should watch for warning signs of heat-related illness in their crews and should never push employees beyond their limits. Many companies offer first aid training to educate, prevent, and treat heat-related illnesses. Some preventative strategies include establishing a shaded break area, providing ice, water/sports drinks, and issuing protective clothing/cooling towels. Companies can also limit employee heat exposure through well planned work and rest schedules. Although most healthy employees will be able to acclimate to heat over a period of time, some staff may be heat intolerant. Employees can take their own preventative measures to combat heat. Drinking plenty of fluids throughout the day and staying away from alcohol and caffeine is essential. Remember to eat lighter meals while working because the more calories you consume, the more body heat you produce. Wear protective lightweight clothing and use sunblock on exposed skin. Employees should know their limits and notify a supervisor immediately if having heat illness symptoms. Occupations requiring heat exposure do not have to be dangerous. If everyone works together to take preemptive measures and watch for warning signs, heat-related illnesses can be prevented. Resources: Nation Safety Council, 2016, Heat-related Illness Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Heat American Red Cross Heat Wave Safety OSHA’s Final Rule for Safety Standards for Steel Erection was published in 2001, and paragraph (e), Multiple Lift Rigging Procedure, outlines OSHA’s standard for lifting multiple pieces of steel at one time. Multiple Lift Rigging (Christmas-Treeing), is allowed only for steel erectors and should only be done when the outlined criteria are met. Recently, I have seen erection companies perform multiple lifts with items not approved under OSHA’s final rule. For example, bundles of decking, pallets of CMU blocks and portable toilets are not permitted for multiple lift rigging because it unnecessarily exposes employees to overhead loads. Multiple lifts should only be performed if the following criteria are met:
It is important to understand the Steel Erection Negotiated Rulemaking Advisory Committees (SENRAC) original argument captured in the Federal Register persuaded OSHA to allow steel erection employees to work under the load by using multiple lift rigging. This is because multiple lift rigging, when done properly, is a safe and effective method for decreasing the number of total crane swings and employee exposure on the steel while connecting. To be in compliance with OSHA, steel erectors may “tree” steel beams, bar joists, and girders. Other benefits of multiple lift rigging are:
Best Practices:
Resources:
OSHA’s Final Rule for Safety Standards for Steel Erection OSHA’s Safety and Health Regulations for Construction Subpart R This Safety Flash was contributed by Bryan McClure, Senior Safety Consultant, Trivent Safety Consulting in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to admin@seaa.net Pop Quiz: What’s the total sling capacity of two ½” EIPS/IWRC wire rope slings that are used in a double wrap choke at 45 degrees? The answer may surprise you.
Failure to properly account for sling tension is the most common rigging mistake I’ve seen construction professionals make over the years. Sling tension occurs when the slings are rigged at an angle; this directly affects capacity. The same misunderstanding of sling angle on capacity often happens when basket hitches are rigged to a single attachment point, whether the sling is vertical or at an angle from the center gravity. Many riggers simply believe that the lifting capacity is doubled because of the assigned multiplier of 2.00. Keep reading to find solutions to these scenarios and to learn about handy references every rigger should have. ![]() In April 2019, the final piece of the OSHA Cranes & Derricks Standard 29CFR 1926.1400 came into effect. This requires employers to conduct evaluations of crane operators to ensure that they are certified and qualified. If an employer is not conducting evaluations of their crane operators, they are not in compliance with OSHA. Once the operator has been successfully evaluated for the necessary skills and knowledge for the size and configuration of the crane they plan to operate, they may operate similar equipment. In order to do so, it must be determined that it does not require considerably different skills, knowledge, or ability to recognize and avert risk. Operators must demonstrate their skills and knowledge, which includes understanding of crane configuration, counterweight setup, use of safety devices and operational aids, and other items. The OSHA Crane & Derricks standard 29CFR 1926.1400 took almost 10 years to fully come into effect. Rigger & Signal persons had to be qualified by November 2010 and crane operators had to be certified by November 2017. The final piece, the requirement to evaluate operators, is now also in force. Best Practices
Resources: OSHA Enforcement Memo Free Operator Evaluation Form Operator Qualification final rule https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.1427 This Safety Flash was contributed by Bryan McClure, Senior Safety Consultant, Trivent Safety Consulting in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies, and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected] ![]() Bar joists are popular for steel construction, because they are economical and strong. However, working with bar joists come with many hazards until they are completely installed and under deck. Historically, building collapses and accidents occurred during bar joist installation. OSHA Subpart R 1926.750 specifically addresses procedures to prevent structural collapse and/or injury. Unfortunately, there are still erectors that do not understand these rules and procedures. The hazards start with unloading and continue through each step of construction, including hoisting, laying out, placing, connecting, welding, burning, guying, bracing, bolting, and rigging bar joists. Training employees on how to properly install bar joists and their potential safety hazards is crucial to prevent injuries and structural collapse. Give your employees the proper training to understand clearly how to erect joists safely. Reviewing and following these best practices will reduce the chances of collapse and possible injuries. Best Practices Inspect the load before the chains are taken off the truck. Often banding is broken during delivery. If the driver releases chains with broken bands, bar joists can fall off the truck, creating a crushing hazard. If they are not properly banded, take precautions such as basketing with proper sized wire rope slings and holding the joists in place with a crane or forklift before releasing or breaking the chains. You might also possibly re-band the loads while they are being held by the crane or forklift, to re-secure them. As unloading begins, do not break the banding while the joists are in the vertical position. This is a common mistake. Instead, lay all joist and girders flat prior to breaking shipping bands. Once joists are laid out in the laydown area, they will need to be sorted and bundled according to sequence of erection. Before building erection begins, bracing and fall protection plans must be established.
Use proper methods for landing joists and placing loads on joists. Although there are several options for doing so, it is an area where poor practices are commonly used. Landing joists can be done by setting a bundle in a bay, landing a single joist, or by panelizing. When landing bundles, the bundle must be secured prior to being released from the crane or forklift. As the erector begins shaking the joist out, OSHA requires that each steel joist must be attached to the support structure. This must be on at least at one end on both sides of the seat, immediately upon placement in the final erection position and before additional joists are placed. It is not permitted to shake the entire bundle out and then go back and weld in place. Even with a site-specific erection plan, OSHA states that erectors are required to keep decking bundled within 1 ft. of the beam/girder line. When landing a single joist, the erector needs to understand how many rows of bridging must be installed prior to releasing the bar joist from the crane or prior to placing loads on the joists. When panelizing, the panel/joist must be attached at the four corners prior to releasing from the crane. Resources OSHA 1926.757 Steel Erection 1926.757(a) General. 1926.757(b) Attachment of steel joists and steel joist girders 1926.757(c) Erection of steel joists. 1926.757(d) Erection bridging. 1926.757(e) Landing and placing loads. Ironworkers: On the Safe Side: Erecting Open We Steel Joist Steel Joist Institute 2008 “Technical Digest No. 9, Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders AISC: 2017 NASCC The Steel Conference Presentation, "Safe and Efficient Installation of Steel Joists and Metal Deck" Ironworkers: On the Safe Side: Erecting Open We Steel Joist This Safety Flash was contributed by Ed Valencia, Safety Director, Derr & Gruenwald Construction in cooperation with SEAA’s Safety Committee. It is designed to keep members informed about ongoing safety issues and to provide suggestions for reducing risk. Best practices are gathered from a variety of sources. They may be more or less stringent than individual corporate policies, and are not intended to be an official recommendation from SEAA. Always get approval and direction from your company officers on any new practice or procedure as these best practices may not work for all situations. Everyone benefits when a worker avoids injury. Submit your ideas for Safety Flash to [email protected] |